Permission & obligation
돼요 vs 돼요? vs 야 해요.
Goals
-아/어도 돼요 permission; -아/어야 해요 duty.
Steps
- Photo OK? 여기서 사진 찍어도 돼요?
- Must: 약속 시간에 가야 해요.
- Ban: -면 안 돼요 house rules.
Common mistakes
- Confusing 되다 allowed vs become.
Study rhythm: Skim “Permission & obligation” for structure, then re-read aloud. Fifteen-minute sessions usually beat one long cram when you are learning Korean from scratch.
Hands-on: Write three new sentences (do not copy the examples) using this pattern. When you learn Korean, forcing fresh sentences shows gaps early.
Listening: Pair this lesson with any short clip whose Korean subtitles reuse the same grammar. Notice endings in interviews versus narrators — the same rule may sound softer or stiffer.
Particles & patience: If vocabulary is easy but sentences feel wrong, slow down on markers. Revisit the core explanation above before adding more flashcards.
Examples & practice: mini conversation
Read across: English meaning → Korean sentence → romanization (Konglish-style pronunciation guide, not official MR).
| Speaker | English | Korean | Romanization |
|---|---|---|---|
| 관람객 | 사진 찍어도 돼요 here? | 여기 사진 찍어도 돼요? | yeogi sajin jjigeodo dwaeyo? |
| 안내원 | 플래시는 안 돼요—paintings. | peullaessineun an dwaeyo. | peullaessineun an dwaeyo. |
| 관람객 | 몇 시까지 봐야 해요? | myeot si-kkaji bwaya haeyo? | myeot si-kkaji bwaya haeyo? |
| 안내원 | 다섯 시에 문 닫아요—빨리 가야 해요. | daseot si-e mun dad-ayo—ppalli gaya haeyo. | daseot si-e mun dad-ayo—ppalli gaya haeyo. |
| 관람객 | 알겠어요—조용히 볼게요. | joyonghi bolgeyo. | joyonghi bolgeyo. |
| 안내원 | 여기서 밥 먹으면 안 돼요—cafe outside. | bak-eseo 드세요. | bak-eseo deuseyo. |